The Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure: Psychometric Validity for Use in Spanish.

Purpose: Stigma is a fundamental driver of HIV disparities among transgender women (TW). The gender minority stress and resilience (GMSR) measure has not been validated in Spanish-speaking, resource-limited settings. We examined the psychometric properties of a translated and abbreviated GMSR among TW in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods: From 2020 to 2021, 152 participants were recruited through social media and venue-based sampling. We collected information on the abbreviated GMSR, psychosocial factors (e.g., depressive symptoms), and sociodemographics. The abbreviated GMSR assessed 7 factors (Discrimination, Rejection, Internalized Transphobia, Negative Expectations, Nondisclosure, Pride, and Community Connectedness). Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alphas, and McDonald's omegas assessed structural validity. Pearson's partial correlations assessed criterion, convergent, and discriminant validities. Results: The 7-factor structure solution had acceptable fit (root mean square error of approximation [95% confidence interval]=0.05 [0.05-0.06]; comparative fit index/Tucker-Lewis index=0.92/0.91); and internal reliability (α=0.62-0.89; ω=0.62-0.89). Depressive (r=0.22-0.43; p<0.001-0.007), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; r=0.20-0.34; p<0.001-0.017) symptoms, and perceived stress (r=0.19-0.41; p≤0.001-0.030) were all positively associated with all stress factors (e.g., Discrimination, Rejection, Internalized Transphobia, Negative Expectations, and Nondisclosure). The resilience factor Pride was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms (r=-0.18; p=0.027), lower perceived life stress (r=-0.21; p=0.012), and greater general resilience (r=0.26; p=0.002). The Community Connectedness resilience factor was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (r=-0.22; p=0.007). Constructs were conceptually distinct with factor correlations below 0.60. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Spanish-translated, abbreviated GMSR is a reliable and valid measure. These data expand the usability of the GMSR to TW in a Latin American, Spanish-speaking context.

clifford B.4.1 , an allele of CG1603 , causes tissue overgrowth in the Drosophila melanogaster eye.

Mutant B.4.1 , generated via EMS mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster , was studied by undergraduate students participating in the Fly-CURE. After inducing genetically mosaic tissue in the adult eye, B.4.1 mutant tissue displays a robust increase in cell division and a rough appearance. Complementation mapping and sequence analysis identified a nonsense mutation in the gene CG1603 , which we named clifford ( cliff ) due to observed increases in red-pigmented mutant tissue compared to controls. cliff encodes a zinc finger-containing protein implicated in transcriptional control. RNAi knockdown of cliff similarly results in rough eyes, confirming a role for Cliff in eye development.

[Accessible science outreach] / Etiología del maltrato a residentes de medicina desde la teoría de la violencia simbólica.

The organization in hospital medicine services is characterized by its hierarchy, where the difference in knowledge and status between medical directors, heads of service, specialist doctors and residents implicitly entail a power dynamic that generates abuse. According to Bourdieu's symbolic theory, the framework that underlies abuse is formed by symbolic violence that materializes in complex relationships in which each person knows their hierarchical position and does not question it. But this symbolic violence is experienced unconsciously, where abuse is perceived as an attitude that is part of an established order where the abuser and the abused act without questioning the abuse and perpetuating the historically inherited model. To eradicate abuse of residents, it is necessary to become aware of the symbolic foundation of abuse that legitimizes and perpetuates it to unmask the relationship between the abuser and the abused, proposing a new relational framework based on respect and dialogue.

La organización en los servicios de medicina hospitalaria se caracteriza por su jerarquización, donde la diferencia de conocimientos y de estatus entre directores médicos, jefes de servicio, médicos especialistas y residentes conlleva implícitamente una dinámica de poder generadora de maltrato. Según la teoría simbólica de Bourdieu el entramado que subyace al maltrato está formado por la violencia simbólica que se materializa en unas relaciones complejas en las que cada uno conoce su posición jerárquica y no la cuestiona. Pero está violencia simbólica es experimentada de forma inconsciente, donde el maltrato se percibe como una actitud que forma parte de un orden establecido donde el maltratador y el maltratado actúan sin cuestionar el maltrato y perpetuando el modelo heredado históricamente. Para erradicar el maltrato a los residentes es preciso tomar conciencia de la fundamentación simbólica del maltrato que lo legitima y perpetua para desenmascarar la relación entre el maltratador y el maltratado, proponiendo un nuevo marco relacional basado en el respeto y el diálogo.

Analysis of hippocampus in rats with acute brain ischemia-reperfusion injury treated with leuprolide acetate, an agonist of GnRH.

BACKGROUND: The hippocampus is highly vulnerable to damage in the brain ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Leuprolide acetate has been shown to promote neurological recovery after injury in various regions of the central nervous system. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the histology of the hippocampus and the expression of neuronal recovery markers, specifically the 200 kDa neurofilaments and the myelin basic protein, in rats with brain ischemia-reperfusion injury treated with leuprolide acetate. METHODS: The rats were divided into three groups: Sham, ischemia-reperfusion with saline solution, and ischemia-reperfusion treated with leuprolide acetate. Coronal brain slices were obtained and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The histological analysis involved quantifying the number of neurons in the hippocampal regions CA1, CA3 and DG. The myelin basic protein and neurofilaments were quantified using western blot. RESULTS: The number of neurons in CA1 and DG was significantly higher in the leuprolide acetate group compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the expression of neurofilament and myelin basic protein markers was significantly increased in rats treated with leuprolide acetate compared to the untreated rats. CONCLUSIONS: Leuprolide acetate promotes the recovery of hippocampal neurons in an acute brain ischemia-reperfusion injury model. These findings suggest that leuprolide acetate could be a potential therapeutic intervention for reversing damage in hippocampal ischemic lesions.

The increase in diaphragm thickness in preterm infants is related to birth weight: a pilot study.

Diaphragm ultrasound (DU) has been used in adult and pediatric critical patients in relation to prediction of extubation success or to detect diaphragm dysfunction, but there is a lack of evidence in neonates. Our aim is to study the evolution of diaphragm thickness in preterm infants, as well as related variables. This prospective monocentric observational study included preterm infants born before 32 weeks (PT32). We performed DU to measure right and left inspiratory and expiratory thickness (RIT, LIT, RET, and LET) and calculated the diaphragm-thickening fraction (DTF) in the first 24 h of life and then weekly until 36 weeks postmenstrual age, death, or discharge. Using multilevel mixed-effect regression, we evaluated the influence of time since birth on diaphragm measurements, as well as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), birth weight (BW), and days of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We included 107 infants, and we performed 519 DUs. All diaphragm thickness increased with time since birth, but the only additional variable that influenced this growth was BW: beta coefficients RIT = 0.00006; RET = 0.00005; LIT = 0.00005; and LET = 0.00004, p < 0.001. Right DTF values remained stable since birth but left DTF increased with time only in infants with BPD.   Conclusion: In our population we found that the higher the BW, the higher diaphragm thicknesses at birth and follow-up. Contrary to the previously published findings in adult and pediatric settings, we were unable to describe a relationship between days of IMV and diaphragm thickness in PT32. The final diagnosis of BPD does not influence this increase either, but it does increase left DTF. What is Known: • Diaphragm thickness and diaphragm thickening fraction have been related to the time on invasive mechanical ventilation in adults and pediatric patients, as well as with extubation failure. • Very few evidence is yet available on the use of diaphragmatic ultrasound in preterm infants. What is New: • Birth weight is the only variable related to diaphragm thickness in preterm infants born before 32 weeks postmenstrual age. • Days of invasive mechanical ventilation do not influence diaphragm increase in thickness in preterm infants.

A three-dimensional Oral health-related quality of life framework for temporomandibular joint disorders: A structural analysis of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14.

OBJECTIVES: the objective is to analyze the structure and relationship between the components of the Oral health-related quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) for patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD). METHODS: two studies were examinated by means of factor analysis, multidimensional scaling and their spatial display in a cross-sectional design (n = 153). RESULTS: three-dimensional solutions with an adequate fit were found: residual distribution, root mean square of residuals (RMSR) = 0.04, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.96, and Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.93; and Stress I = 0.023, respectively. The overall ordinal alpha coefficient was 0.92 (CI=0.90 to 0.94). The ordinal alpha coefficients for functional impact, psychosocial impact and psychological impact factors were 0.87 (CI=0.84 to 0.90), 0.88 (CI=0.84 to 0.91) and 0.78 (CI= 0.72 to 0.83), respectively. Item 9 was the most central, followed by 7 and 11. Items 1 and 2 had minor associations. There was no evidence of differences between centers: edge weight differences (M = 0.226, p = 0.94), global strength invariance test (S = 1.88, p = 0.1), centrality invariance test (p >0.05), edge invariance test (p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the links between the dimensions and the items seem to involve psychological components. Oral health-related quality of life emerged as a three-dimensional structure (Functional Impact, Psychosocial Impact and Psychological Impact) of functional and psychosocial elements in which physical, psychological, and social disability were essential, while theoretical functional limitation was least important. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: the three-dimensional OHRQoL system for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a worthwhile alternative to interpret psychological and psychosocial aspects.

Oncogenic signaling is coupled to colorectal cancer cell differentiation state.

Colorectal cancer progression is intrinsically linked to stepwise deregulation of the intestinal differentiation trajectory. In this process, sequential mutations of APC, KRAS, TP53, and SMAD4 enable oncogenic signaling and establish the hallmarks of cancer. Here, we use mass cytometry of isogenic human colon organoids and patient-derived cancer organoids to capture oncogenic signaling, cell phenotypes, and differentiation states in a high-dimensional single-cell map. We define a differentiation axis in all tumor progression states from normal to cancer. Our data show that colorectal cancer driver mutations shape the distribution of cells along the differentiation axis. In this regard, subsequent mutations can have stem cell promoting or restricting effects. Individual nodes of the cancer cell signaling network remain coupled to the differentiation state, regardless of the presence of driver mutations. We use single-cell RNA sequencing to link the (phospho-)protein signaling network to transcriptomic states with biological and clinical relevance. Our work highlights how oncogenes gradually shape signaling and transcriptomes during tumor progression.